ABSTRACT
Abstract Background The long incubation periods of cardiovascular diseases offer opportunities for controlling risk factors. In addition, preventive interventions in childhood are more likely to succeed because lifestyle habits become ingrained as they are repeated. Objective To investigate the effects of recreational physical activities, in combination or not with a qualitative nutritional counseling, in cardiometabolic risk factors of students with dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity. Methods Students (8-14 years old) were randomly divided into three groups (n=23 each): i ) Control; ii ) PANC, students undergoing Physical Activity and Nutritional Counseling, and iii ) PA, students submitted to Physical Activity, only. Blood samples (12-h fasting) were collected for biochemical analysis and anthropometric markers were also assessed. Two-Way RM-ANOVA and Holm-Sidak's test, and Friedman ANOVA on Ranks and Dunn's test were applied. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Effect sizes were evaluated by Hedges' g and Cliff's δ for normal and non-Gaussian data, respectively. Results Compared to the control group and to baseline values, both interventions caused significant average reductions in total cholesterol (11%; p <0.001), LDL-c (19%; p=0.002), and non-HDL-c (19%; p=0.003). Furthermore, students in the PANC group also experienced a significant decrease in body fat compared to baseline (p=0.005) and to control (5.2%; g=0.541). Conclusions The proposed strategies were effective to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. The low cost of these interventions allows the implementation of health care programs in schools to improve the students' quality of life.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Food and Nutrition Education , Dyslipidemias/prevention & control , Obesity, Abdominal/prevention & control , Cardiometabolic Risk Factors , Life Style , Quality of Life , Students , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Exercise , Delivery of Health Care , Dyslipidemias/diet therapy , Adolescent Nutrition , Obesity, Abdominal/diet therapySubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Diet Therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/diet therapy , Dyslipidemias/diet therapy , Hypertension/diet therapy , Nutrition Therapy , Obesity, Abdominal/diet therapy , Cardiology , Diet , Nutritional Sciences , Pulmonary MedicineABSTRACT
A baixa relação de ômega-6/ômega-3 esta relacionada com propriedades benéficas para a saúde óssea. No entanto, a dieta rica nestes compostos pode levar a obesidade. Adipócitos e osteoblastos derivam de células progenitoras comuns, e o consumo de óleo de canola pode ter ação adipogênica e osteogênica. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a adiposidade abdominal, insulina e estrutura óssea em ratos tratados com dieta contendo baixa relação ômega-6/ômega-3, proveniente do óleo de canola. Após desmame, os ratos foram divididos em grupos alimentados com dieta normocalórica: Controle (S) e experimental (C), contendo 7m1/100g de óleo de soja ou de canola e grupos tratados com dieta rica em lipídios: Controle (7S) ou hiperlipídico contendo 19m1/100g de óleo de soja (19S) ou de canola (19C), até completarem 60 dias de idade. Os dados foram significativos com P<0,05. No primeiro modelo, o grupo C apresentou redução de: Massa e área do adipócito intra-abdominal; Colesterol; Insulina; Densidade mineral (DMO) e massa óssea total e na coluna vertebral; Massa do fêmur; Espessura da diáfise; DMO do fêmur e das vértebras lombares e radiodensidade da cabeça do fêmur. No segundo modelo, os grupos 19S e 19C apresentaram maior ingestão calórica, densidade corporal, massa de gordura intra-abdominal, e maior massa e comprimento do fêmur e da coluna lombar. O grupo 19S apresentou maior área e menor número de adipócitos da região retroperitoneal. Glicose e a insulina foram aumentadas no grupo 19C vs. 7S. A tomografia do fêmur revelou maior radiodensidade na região proximal e da coluna lombar, no grupo 19C. Sugerimos que a quantidade e o tipo de lipídio consumido, após o desmame, induzem não somente o desenvolvimento corporal e os depósitos de gordura, além de afetarem a resistência insulínica e a saúde óssea
The lower ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with healthy bone properties. However, fat diets can induce obesity. Adipocytes and osteoblasts derive from a common progenitor, and canola oil intake may have an adipogenic and osteogenic effect. Our objective was to evaluate the intra-abdominal adiposity, insulin and bone growth in rats fed diet containing lower ratio of omega-6 to omega-3, provided in canola oil. After weaning, rats were divided into groups fed with normocaloric diet: control (S) and experimental (C), containing 7 m1/100g soybean or canola oil, respectively and groups fed with fat diet: control (7S) or fat diets containing 19 m1/100g soybean oil (19S) or canola oil (19C), until they 60 days old. Differences were considered significant with P<0,05. In normocaloric diet model, C group showed a significant reduction in: Intra-abdominal fat mass; Area of adipocyte; Cholesterol; Insulin; Total body and spine bone mineral content and bone area; Femur mass; Width of the diaphysis; Femur and lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density and radiodensity of femoral head. To high-fat diet model, 19S and 19C groups showed higher energy intake, body density growth, intra-abdominal fat mass and higher femur mass and, lumbar vertebrae mass and length. 19S showed higher area and lower number of retroperitoneal adipocytes. Glucose and insulin were significantly increased in 19C compared to 7S group. Computed tomography of femur revealed higher radiodensity in proximal femoral epiphysis and lumbar vertebrae of 19C. We suggest that the amount and the source of fat used in the diet, after weaning, induce not only the body and fat depots growth, besides affecting the insulin resistance and the bone health